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[Aipiwaton] ukuqonda imfuneko ye-vhly

Zithini iingcingo ze-8 kwi-Ethernet Intambo

I-VLAN I-vlan nganye yindawo yokusasaza apho imikhosi inokuthi inxibelelane ngokuthe ngqo, ngelixa unxibelelwano phakathi kweValns ezahlukeneyo kuthintelwe. Ngenxa yoko, imiyalezo yosasazo inqunyelwe kwi-vlan enye.

Umxholo

· V ukuba i-vlans iyafuneka
·Vlan vs. subnet
·I-VLan Tag kunye neVlan ID
·Iindidi ze-vlan mets kunye ne-vlan tag yokuphatha iindlela
·Imeko yokusetyenziswa kwee-vlans
·Imiba eneeVlans kwiindawo zefu

Kutheni iVlans iyafuneka

Iinethiwekhi zokuqala ze-Ethernet yayiziitekhnoloji yenethiwekhi yenethiwekhi ngokusekwe kwi-CSMA / CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (i-CD (iConiers) yokufikelela / yokungqubana) esebenzise i-Wishts zonxibelelwano. Xa inani lemikhosi eyandayo, lakhokelela ekungqubaniweni olunzulu, isiqhwithi sosasazo, ukonakaliswa kwentsebenzo ebalulekileyo, kunye nokuphuma kwenethiwekhi. Nangona i-Insconnecting Lans Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-2 Oku kukhokelele ekuphuhlisweni kwetekhnoloji ye-vlan, eyahlula-hlula i-vns ezininzi ezisengqiqweni; I-vlan nganye imele i-domain yosasazo, ivumela unxibelelwano kwi-vlan ngokungathi liyi-LAn ngelixa lithintela unxibelelwano lweVlan Vlan kwaye idibanise imiyalezo yosasazo ngaphakathi kwi-vlan.

配图 1 (为什么需要 vlan) -1

Umzekeliso 1: Indima yeVlans

Ngenxa yoko, ii-vlans zinezibonelelo zilandelayo:

I-Dlaines esasaziweyo: Iindawo zosasazo zivalelwe ngaphakathi kwi-vlan, i-bandwidth yolondolozo kunye nokuphucula amandla okulungisa kwenethiwekhi.
Ukwahlula-hlula ukhuseleko lwe-LAN: Imiyalezo evela kwi-vlans eyahlukeneyo ngexesha losulelo, eneentsingiselo zabasebenzisi be-Vlan.
I-vlasty yaya e-vlan enye, ngoko ke imiba ngaphakathi kwi-vlan enye ayichaphazeli ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezinye i-vlans.
Ukwakhiwa kweNdawo yokuSebenza yeGlasi: Ii-vlans zinokwahlula-hlula abasebenzisi kumaqela ahlukeneyo omsebenzi, ukuvumela amalungu eqela lomsebenzi elifanayo lokusebenza ngaphandle kokusebenza kwindawo ethile, ukwenza inethiwekhi kunye nelondolozo ngokulula kunye nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi kunye nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi.

Vlan vs. subnet

Ngokuqhubela phambili kwinxalenye yenethiwekhi yeedilesi ze-IP kwizinto ezininzi ze-IP, iqondo lokusetyenziswa lisezantsi lendawo ye-IP kunye nokungqongqo kweedilesi ze-IP ezinamanqanaba amabini anokulungiswa. Ifana ne-vhlns, iimpuku zinokwahlukanisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwemikhosi. Imikhosi eyahlukileyo ye-vhlns ayinakunxibelelana ngqo, njengokuba iinginginya kwiinkunkuma ezahlukeneyo azikwazi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mbalelwano ngqo phakathi kwezi zimbini.

Vlan Subnet
Umahluko Isetyenziselwe ukwahlula iinethiwekhi ze-2.
  Emva kokucwangcisa ubumbeko lwe-vlan, abasebenzisi kwii-vhlns ezahlukeneyo banokunxibelelana kuphela xa kusenziwa i-raction.
  Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4094 Vlans inokuchazwa; Inani lezixhobo eziphakathi kwe-vlan alikhawulelwanga.
Ubudlelwane Ngaphakathi kwe-vlan enye, enye okanye ngaphezulu inokuchazwa.

I-VLan Tag kunye neVlan ID

Ukwenza ukuba ukutshintshela ukwahlula imiyalezo evela kwiiVanns ezahlukeneyo, intsimi echonga ulwazi lweVlan kufuneka longezwe kwimiyalezo. I-IETEE 802.1K iprotocol ichaza ukuba i-4-Byte Vlan Tag (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-vlan tag) yongezwa kwiDatha yeDatha ye-Ethernet yokuchonga ulwazi lweVlan.

配图 2 (Vlan tag 和 vlan ID) -2

Intsimi ye-vid kwividiyo yedatha ichonga i-vlan apho ifran yedatha yedatha yedatha yedatha yedatha; Isakhelo sedatha sinokudluliselwa kwi-vlan yayo. Ibala le-VID limela i-ID ye-vlan, enokususela kwi-0 ukuya kwi-4095. Ukususela ngo-0 nange-4095.

配图 3 (vlan 间用户的二层隔离) -3

Ke ngoko, ukunxibelelana nezi zixhobo, tshintsha izixhobo kufuneka utshatise izakhelo zemveli zemveli kwaye wongeze okanye udibanise iithegi zeVlan ngexesha lokuhambisa. I-vlan tag yongezwa ihambelana ne-vlan engagqibekanga ye-vlan (i-vlan engasasebenziyo ye-vlan, i-PVED).

配图 4-4
配图 5 通过 vlanif 实现 vlan 间用户的三层互访 -5
_ _20240614024031.jpg1

Iindidi ze-vlan mets kunye ne-vlan tag yokuphatha iindlela

Kwinethiwekhi yangoku, abasebenzisi bakwa-vlan efanayo banokunxibelelana nokutshintshwa okwahlukileyo, kwaye kunokubakho ii-vlans ezininzi ezikwi-switches. Ukuba unxibelelwano lomsebenzisi luyimfuneko, i-intanethi phakathi switch kufuneka ikwazi ukubona nokuthumela iifreyimu zedatha kwiiVlans ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye nendlela eziqhutywa ngayo iifreyimu, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-vlan ukujongana noqhagamshelo olwahlukileyo kunye nenethiwekhi.

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